Unknown / Black Swan

Recent reports highlight the emergence of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter coli in Europe and the detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in atypical hosts such as cats and rats in the United States. These developments suggest a growing risk of zoonotic spillover events and the potential for widespread outbreaks that could defy current containment and treatment strategies. The convergence of these biological threats with existing environmental stressors, such as droughts and heat domes, could exacerbate their impact, leading to significant challenges in public health and environmental stability.