Unknown / Black Swan

The potential collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), as highlighted by Iceland, represents a high-risk Black Swan event due to its potential to cause abrupt climate changes with far-reaching impacts on global weather patterns, sea levels, and geopolitical stability. Such a collapse could lead to severe disruptions in agriculture, fisheries, and economies, particularly in Europe and North America, while exacerbating existing geopolitical tensions over resources and climate migration. The unpredictability and scale of the consequences make this a critical concern that defies traditional forecasting models.