Unknown / Black Swan

The potential collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), as highlighted by Iceland, poses a severe threat due to its potential to drastically alter global climate patterns, leading to widespread environmental, economic, and geopolitical instability. Such an event could cause extreme weather changes, disrupt agricultural production, and trigger mass migrations, challenging global governance and cooperation. This risk is compounded by its unpredictability and the lack of preparedness for such a large-scale climatic shift, making it a quintessential Black Swan event.