Pandemics

The emergence of a new COVID variant with immune escape potential in multiple countries raises concerns about potential increases in transmission and challenges to vaccine efficacy. Additionally, the ongoing spread of avian flu across multiple regions, including human cases, highlights the persistent threat of zoonotic diseases. The low use of antivirals among older COVID patients, despite their higher risk for severe disease, indicates a gap in public health responsiveness. Furthermore, misinformation and vaccine hesitancy, as evidenced by requests for 'unvaccinated' blood, continue to undermine public health efforts. These factors, combined with the continued circulation of respiratory viruses and the potential for new zoonotic spillovers, contribute to a moderate pandemic risk level.