Pandemics

The global pandemic risk remains moderate with several infectious diseases posing significant threats. Avian flu continues to affect poultry and wild birds in multiple regions, raising concerns about potential zoonotic transmission. Measles outbreaks in the US highlight gaps in vaccination coverage and public health response. Meanwhile, MERS cases in Saudi Arabia and other regions underscore the need for vigilance against coronaviruses. Although COVID-19 activity is declining, the emergence of new variants and vaccine efficacy concerns persist. Additionally, misinformation about vaccines continues to hinder public health efforts, complicating the response to these threats.